In a sodium cooled fast reactor, commonly called a liquidmetal reactor lmr, the fuel consists of uranium dioxide or uraniumplutonium dioxide pellets french design or of uraniumplutoniumzirconium metal alloy pins u. A parametric study on core performance of sodium fast. A sodiumcooled fast reactor is a fast neutron reactor cooled by liquid sodium. Fission products fission products are light elements, including isotopes of iodine, cesium, strontium, and.
Appendix a fast reactor data pavel tsvetkov and alan waltar this appendix summarizes principal design data for fast spectrum reactors being developed, designed and constructed wor. Sodium cooled fast reactor sfr technologies have been identified as potentially promising in both demonstration reactor and test reactor missions in the recent u. Conceptual design of the sodiumcooled fast reactor kalimer600 article pdf available in nuclear engineering and technology 393 june 2007 with 304 reads how we measure reads. Twr designs are generation iv, liquid sodium cooled fast reactors. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it. Fast reactor sfr system features a fastspectrum, sodiumcooled reactor and a closed fuel. Pdf conceptual design of the sodiumcooled fast reactor. An integral fast reactor is a liquid metal cooled fast reactor using metal fuel and integrated with an onsite fuel recycling plant. Generationiv sodium cooled fast reactor system implementation sodium cooled fast reactors design and operating experience accumulated in russia confirms technology maturity and ability for developing bn1200 as sodium cooled fast reactor design for serial construction bn1200 reactor design safety provisions due to optimal. Advanced fuel assembly for sodium cooled fast reactors. Mechanical design of a sodium cooled fast reactor fuel assembly in korea. Provision of safety design criteria for generationiv sodiumcooled. The sllim is a liquid sodium nuclear fast reactor that generates 10 to 100 mw for many years, even decades, without refueling.
This type of reactor is being developed only by some countries. The sodiumcooled fast reactor sfr is one of the most promising candidates. Sodium cooled fast reactors promise to definitely solve the fuel availability problem as they can convert nonfissile isotopes into fissile ones. The initial twr design will be based on existing, or extensions of existing, sfr nuclear technologies and will require extensive in reactor testing. A liquid metal cooled nuclear reactor, liquid metal fast reactor or lmfr is an advanced type of nuclear reactor where the primary coolant is a liquid metal. Surfacing of 304 stainless steel for liquid sodium service. To help alleviate this lack of data, the present program was undertaken to develop information on the ability of aws ecocra alloys on 304 stain less steel to withstand the thermal stresses and shocks expected in a liq uid sodium cooled reactor. The purpose of this paper is to point out why a simplecheap minimal reprocessing implementation of the european unions eus molten salt fast reactor msfr concept represents the most promising way to implement that technical fix.
Sodium cooled fast reactor sfr the sfr uses liquid sodium as the reactor coolant, allowing high power density with low coolant volume fraction and operation at low pressure. A sodium cooled fast reactor is a fast neutron reactor cooled by liquid sodium the acronym sfr particularly refers to two generation iv reactor proposals, one based on existing lmfr technology using mox fuel, the other based on the metalfueled integral fast reactor. In metal fueled sodium cooled fast reactors, a solid cylindrical metal fuel slug is encapsulated within the cladding and liquid sodium added as a thermal bond between the fuel and cladding. Development for sodiumcooled fast reactor, nuclear engineering and t echnology 2016, doi. While several power reactors have been shut down, bor60, joyo, phenix, and bn600 are still operating, the latter being in quasicommercial operation since 1982. When creating the new nuclear navy in the 1950s, thencaptain hyman rickover determined that two types of reactor power plants would be evaluated to power submarines, a water cooled reactor and a molten sodium cooled reactor. By far the most advanced of the six is the sodium cooled fast reactor sfr, developed by france, russia and china from a concept pioneered in the united states. A fast reactor is the most promising future nuclear power plant because of efficient usage of uranium and reduction of radioactive waste. As a consequence, it cannot have water as coolant, because of its moderating properties. A summary of sodiumcooled fast reactor development. All numerical output from the simulations are stored in an.
Generation iv fast reactors university of cambridge. The bn1200 next generation sodiumcooled fast reactor is developed in accordance with federal target programme a new. This allows for the coolant to operate at higher temperatures and lower pressures than current reactorsimproving the efficiency and safety of the system. Sfr sodiumcooled fast reactor lfr leadcooled fast reactor gfr gascooled fast reactor minor actinide destruction and plutonium management sustainability and proliferation benefits. Safety aspects of sodiumcooled fast reactors draft summary. Sodiumcooled fast reactor the sodiumcooled fast reactor sfr uses liquid metal sodium as a coolant instead of water that is typically used in u. Fast neutron reactor a fast neutron reactor, or fast reactor, uses fast neutrons to generate a fission chain reaction.
Read online french sodiumcooled fast reactor simulation program book pdf free download link book now. Oct 18, 2009 gascooled fast reactor public domain public domain false false this work is in the public domain in the united states because it is a work prepared by an officer or employee of the united states government as part of that persons official duties under the terms of title 17, chapter 1, section 105 of the us code. In this paper, two fast reactor systems are discussed the sodiumcooled fast reactor, which has already been built and can be further improved, and the leadcooled fast reactor that could be developed relatively soon. One of the reactors being developed is the sodium cooled fast reactor sfr. Thirty second quarterly report, augustoctober 1969. Up to now, only liquid sodium cooled fast neutron reactors have. Pdf this report presents the results of a numerical simulation of thermal hydraulics. Safety aspects of sodiumcooled fast reactors 30 nov. Sodiumcooled fast reactor an overview sciencedirect. Why the molten salt fast reactor msfr is the best gen iv.
Based on highreadiness sodium cooled fast reactor technology deepburn open fuel cycle with no reprocessing strong inherent safety features and passive safety systems flexible siting production of high temperature heat reduced waste. High temperature gas cooled reactor htgr, which is a graphite moderated, helium cooled reactor, is particularly attractive due to capability of producing high temperature helium gas and its inherent safety characteristics, as well as an option to efficiently burn weaponsgrade plutonium for energy production. By far the most advanced of the six is the sodium cooled fast reactor sfr, developed by france, russia and. Cfd simulation of a 61pin wirewrapped fuel subassembly for. There is a large but not always positive experience with operation of sodium cooled fast reactors. The acronym sfr particularly refers to two generation iv reactor proposals, one. In the framework of sodium cooled fast reactors, core design studies are performed at cea. Comparison of sodium and leadcooled fast reactors regarding.
Sodium hot pump core cold plenum primary sodium cold hot plenum control rods heat exchanger generator heat sink turbine condenser secondary sodium steam generator pump pump electrical power. Sodium has superior thermal hydraulic properties, allowing for tight pin lattices. This paper investigates the use of enrichment and moderator zoning methods for optimizing the rz power distribution within sodium cooled fast reactors. In this paper, two fast reactor systems are discussed the sodiumcooled fast reactor, which has already been built and can be further improved, and the lead. The thermal hydraulics behavior of the coolant in helical wirewrapped fuel subassemblies is of great significance in the design and safety operating of sfrs. It would be relatively simplecheap to both build and operate. A reactor fuel is generally in the form of pellets. Understand how differences between sodium and water result in broad design differences between a sodium cooled fast reactor sfr and a. Provision of safety design criteria for generationiv sodium. However, 20 fast reactors have operated in the 50 years. Mechanical design of a sodium cooled fast reactor fuel. Thermal reactors, by contrast, contain a moderator such as water or graphite to slow the neutrons. A new methodology based on multiobjective optimization is proposed taking into account the geometrical uncertainties on subassemblies arising from manufacturing tolerances for core static mechanical equilibrium analysis.
Characterize the nature of sodium interactions with air and water. French sodiumcooled fast reactor simulation program pdf. Some of these reactors have been successfully operated and some of them have been plagued by many problems. In particular, a sodium cooled fast reactor sfr has been focused as a new generation of nuclear power plants in korea.
Terrapower has achieved significant progress in the development of the twr design and is continuing to advance twr technology. Pdf metal fuel development for sodiumcooled fast reactor. For the lead cooled fast reactor lfr, the thermal efficiency is assumed to be 42% corresponding to an improved supercritical steam cycle cinotti, 2004. The pellets are then encased in metal tubes to form fuel rods, which are arranged into a fuel assembly ready for introduction into a reactor. Provision of safety design criteria for generationiv. An advanced sodiumcooled fast reactor core concept. Design concept of advanced sodiumcooled fast reactor and.
Pdf comparison of simple design of sodium and lead cooled. Department of energy office of nuclear energy doene advanced demonstration and test. Similarly, a supercritical brayton co 2 cycle is being considered for sodium cooled fast reactors sfr, increasing the thermal efficiency to 45% schulenberg et al. May 03, 2007 identify important differences between sodium and other fast reactor coolants leadlbe and helium and why sodium is preferred. This is a pdf file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for. The sodiumcooled fast reactor is the candidate of generation iv that lies. While the oxygenfree environment prevents corrosion, sodium reacts chemically with air and water and requires a sealed coolant system. Download french sodiumcooled fast reactor simulation program book pdf free download link or read online here in pdf. Qureshi 1 objectives, agenda and participants the overall objective of the workshop was to share information amongst gif and iaea. The sodiumcooled reactor experience does not bode well. A free volume fission gas plenum is provided in the upper part of the fuel pin to reduce the pressure due to fission gas release from the fuel. The main characteristic of this reactor is that the fissions take place in a fast neutron spectrum, meaning that it doesnt have or need moderator. Abstract china experimental fast reactor cefr is the first step of china sodium cooled fast reactors sfrs development followed by the demonstration reactor cfr600. An accelerated development of the latter is possible.
There are currently 438 nuclear power plants operating in 30 countries and only 1 of these is a fast reactor. In metal fueled sodium cooled fast reactors, a solid cylindrical metal fuel slug is. Scale multigroup libraries for sodiumcooled fast reactor. Much of the basic technology for the sodiumcooled fast reactor sfr has been established through long term development experience with former fast reactor programs, and is being confirmed by the phenix endoflife tests in france, the restart of monju in japan, the lifetime extension of bn600 in russia, and the startup of the china experimental fast reactor in china. However, the twr is a type of the sodiumcooled fast reactors that have been pursued with little success over several decades in several countries. Identify important differences between sodium and other fast reactor coolants leadlbe and helium and why sodium is preferred. Liquid metal cooled reactors were first adapted for nuclear submarine use but have also been extensively studied for power generation applications. Sodium as a fast reactor coolant brave new climate. Sodiumcooled fast reactor sfr the sfr uses liquid sodium as the reactor coolant, allowing high power density with low coolant volume fraction and operation at low pressure.